Instruments:

ICP-AES: Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy is used to analyze analyse micronutrient (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, etc.), metalloids (B, Si, Ge, As, Sn) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Co etc.) in soil, plant and water samples

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC): Used for pesticide detection and quantification, also used for identification of polar compounds and organic acids, sugars, amino acids, PAH

Gas Chromatograph (GC): GC is used to quantify GHG emission from soil, also used to quantify environmental contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organic pollutants.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS): AAS is used to analyse micronutrient (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, etc.) and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, etc.) in soil, plant and water samples

Infrared Gas Analyzers (IRGAs): To measure the energy transmission and gas exchange between leaf and air, for estimating the photosynthesis, respiration, florescence parameters, canopy temperature, stomatal conductance, etc

Spectrophotometer: Spectrophotometer is used to estimate soil enzymatic activity, chemical parameters (P, S, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, etc) and quality parameters of soil & plants

N Flow analyser: It is used to measure nitrogen content (NO₃^-, NO₂^- & NH₄⁺) in soil, water, plant and fertilizer samples

Nitrogen Distillation Unit: The Kjeldahl distillation unit is used to determine the nitrogen content (available and total N) of soil, water and plant samples

Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS): Respirable Dust Sampler is used for sampling ambient air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, O₃, NH₃, PM10 and VOCs)

Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Facility (FACE): FACE is used to study the effect of elevated CO2 on plants and soil. The system automatically maintains the set levels of CO₂ (550±25 ppm) within rings.

Free-Air CO₂ & Temperature Enhancement (T-FACE): FATE is used to study the effect of elevated temperature on plants and soil. System uses IR heaters to elevate temperatures up to 3℃) to set level above ambient

Free-Air Ozone & CO₂ Enrichment Facility (O-FACE): FAOE is used to study the effect of elevated ozone on plants and soil. System uses ozone generator to elevate ozone to set level (~70 ppb) above ambient

Temperature Gradient Tunnel (TGT):  TGT is a facility to create temperature gradation (1-~4℃) based on energy trapping within a tunnel due to cross air flow. This is used to study the effect of temperature on plants

Open Top Chambers (OTCs): OTCs are the first-generation systems used to investigate effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on plant growth, development, yield and quality

Eddy Covariance Flux Tower: Eddy covariance based GHG flux tower gives the continuous measurement (10 Hz) on gaseous (CO₂, H₂O, CH₄) exchange from canopy over a larger area (Height of the tower*100)

Rain-out Shelter (ROS): Rain-out shelter is used to create artificial dry spells to study the effect of rainfall variability on plants  

Chamber for Temperature Enhancement: These fabricated chambers are used to study the effect of temperature shocks at different developmental stages of crops

Biogas Plant: Biogas production can be done by using cattle dung, straw, leaves, vegetable waste, crop residue, etc. Methanogen bacteria grow under anaerobic conditions and produce a large amount of methane (50-60 %) along with CO₂ (30-40%), hydrogen (1-5%) and nitrogen (1%). Biogas based energy has many uses, including cooking, heating, gas turbines for power generation. It is used in generators to produce electricity for homes, farms, businesses, and communities

Instruments:

ICP-AES: Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy is used to analyze analyse micronutrient (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, etc.), metalloids (B, Si, Ge, As, Sn) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Co etc.) in soil, plant and water samples

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC): Used for pesticide detection and quantification, also used for identification of polar compounds and organic acids, sugars, amino acids, PAH

Gas Chromatograph (GC): GC is used to quantify GHG emission from soil, also used to quantify environmental contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organic pollutants.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS): AAS is used to analyse micronutrient (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, etc.) and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, etc.) in soil, plant and water samples

Infrared Gas Analyzers (IRGAs): To measure the energy transmission and gas exchange between leaf and air, for estimating the photosynthesis, respiration, florescence parameters, canopy temperature, stomatal conductance, etc

Spectrophotometer: Spectrophotometer is used to estimate soil enzymatic activity, chemical parameters (P, S, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, etc) and quality parameters of soil & plants

N Flow analyser: It is used to measure nitrogen content (NO₃^-, NO₂^- & NH₄⁺) in soil, water, plant and fertilizer samples

Nitrogen Distillation Unit: The Kjeldahl distillation unit is used to determine the nitrogen content (available and total N) of soil, water and plant samples

Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS): Respirable Dust Sampler is used for sampling ambient air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, O₃, NH₃, PM10 and VOCs)

Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Facility (FACE): FACE is used to study the effect of elevated CO2 on plants and soil. The system automatically maintains the set levels of CO₂ (550±25 ppm) within rings.

Free-Air CO₂ & Temperature Enhancement (T-FACE): FATE is used to study the effect of elevated temperature on plants and soil. System uses IR heaters to elevate temperatures up to 3℃) to set level above ambient

Free-Air Ozone & CO₂ Enrichment Facility (O-FACE): FAOE is used to study the effect of elevated ozone on plants and soil. System uses ozone generator to elevate ozone to set level (~70 ppb) above ambient

Temperature Gradient Tunnel (TGT):  TGT is a facility to create temperature gradation (1-~4℃) based on energy trapping within a tunnel due to cross air flow. This is used to study the effect of temperature on plants

Open Top Chambers (OTCs): OTCs are the first-generation systems used to investigate effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on plant growth, development, yield and quality

Eddy Covariance Flux Tower: Eddy covariance based GHG flux tower gives the continuous measurement (10 Hz) on gaseous (CO₂, H₂O, CH₄) exchange from canopy over a larger area (Height of the tower*100)

Rain-out Shelter (ROS): Rain-out shelter is used to create artificial dry spells to study the effect of rainfall variability on plants  

Chamber for Temperature Enhancement: These fabricated chambers are used to study the effect of temperature shocks at different developmental stages of crops

Biogas Plant: Biogas production can be done by using cattle dung, straw, leaves, vegetable waste, crop residue, etc. Methanogen bacteria grow under anaerobic conditions and produce a large amount of methane (50-60 %) along with CO₂ (30-40%), hydrogen (1-5%) and nitrogen (1%). Biogas based energy has many uses, including cooking, heating, gas turbines for power generation. It is used in generators to produce electricity for homes, farms, businesses, and communities